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BMJ Open Apr 2023The study aims to identify the prevalence of use of tobacco products by sexual and gender minorities (SGM) in Brazil, the users' profile and associations between tobacco...
OBJECTIVE
The study aims to identify the prevalence of use of tobacco products by sexual and gender minorities (SGM) in Brazil, the users' profile and associations between tobacco use and social and behavioural variables.
METHODOLOGY
The study used data from a representative nationwide household survey of the Brazilian population aged 12-65 years-the first one to address the issue of sexual orientation/gender identity. The study sample consisted of 15 801 individuals. Social and behavioural characteristics and the use of tobacco products were compared according to sexual orientation/gender identity. A multivariate logistic model was constructed to assess the association between tobacco use and sexual orientation/gender identity, as well as models stratified by SGM and non-SGM.
RESULTS
Prevalence of any tobacco product use was 44.7% among SGM and 17.0% among non-SGM. Water pipe use was ~8 times higher for SGM than for non-SGM (13.5% vs 1.6%). SGM tobacco users were younger and had more schooling than non-SGM tobacco users. After adjusting for social and behavioural variables, the multivariate model showed that SGM were 150% more likely to use tobacco products than non-SGM (adjusted OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.61 to 3.95). In the model for SGM, schooling, alcohol consumption, illicit drug consumption, violence and anxiety/depression were significantly associated with tobacco use.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of tobacco use among SGM was higher than among non-SGM, and the profile of tobacco users differed between them. It is urgent to monitor health issues in SGM in Brazil and to adopt tobacco control strategies for this group.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Gender Identity; Brazil; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Tobacco Use; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 37045563
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065738 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Feb 2023Snus, dissolvable, and traditional smokeless tobacco product use is often amalgamated in youth epidemiologic research despite differences across these products....
INTRODUCTION
Snus, dissolvable, and traditional smokeless tobacco product use is often amalgamated in youth epidemiologic research despite differences across these products. Prevalence, trends, and correlates of U.S. youth use across different classes of oral tobacco products are unknown.
METHODS
Using 2011-2020 National Youth Tobacco Survey (N=193,933) data, the authors tested for cross-year linear and quadratic trends in the weighted prevalence of ever and current use of traditional smokeless tobacco, snus, and dissolvable tobacco. Multivariable logistic regressions estimated the demographic and tobacco use factors associated with the use of different oral tobacco products in 2020. Analyses were conducted in 2022.
RESULTS
During 2011-2020, there were declines in the prevalence of ever use of traditional smokeless tobacco (11.0% to 5.6%; linear trend, p<0.0001) and snus (5.2% to 2.4%; p<0.0001) but no change in ever dissolvable tobacco use (0.8%-1.2%). In 2020, an estimated 1,546,000 U.S. youth ever used traditional smokeless tobacco (7.7% high school, 3.0% middle school), 662,000 ever used snus (high school: 3.5%, middle school: 1.0%), and 326,000 ever used dissolvables (high school: 1.5%, middle school: 0.8%). In 2020, females and non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics had lower smokeless or snus ever use odds than males and non-Hispanic Whites, respectively, whereas sexual minorities (than heterosexuals) or those speaking a language other than English at home were more likely to report ever use of dissolvable tobacco. Flavored tobacco use was common, particularly for dissolvable current users (72.8% used any flavor).
CONCLUSIONS
Differences in the epidemiology of oral tobacco use across product types among U.S. youth suggest that oral tobacco products should be disaggregated in future research and policy strategies.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Tobacco, Smokeless; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Schools
PubMed: 36335080
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.011 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Empirical evidence, primarily based on hospital-based or voluntary samples, suggests that current smokers have a lower risk of COVID-19 infection than never smokers. In...
Empirical evidence, primarily based on hospital-based or voluntary samples, suggests that current smokers have a lower risk of COVID-19 infection than never smokers. In this study, we used nationally representative data to examine the association between tobacco use and the risk of having a confirmed COVID-19 case. We explored several forms of tobacco use, contributing to separate the role of nicotine from smoking. We used data from 44,199 participants from three pooled national health surveys in Finland (FinSote 2018-2020). The primary outcome was a confirmed COVID-19 case. We examined current smoking, moist smokeless tobacco (snus), e-cigarettes with and without nicotine and nicotine replacement therapy products. Current daily smokers had a relative risk of 1.12 of a confirmed COVID-19 case (95% CI 0.65; 1.94) in fully adjusted models compared with never smokers. Current snus use was associated with a 68% higher risk of a confirmed COVID-19 case (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02; 2.75) than never users. We did not find conclusive evidence of associations between e-cigarettes with and without nicotine and nicotine replacement therapy products and the risk of confirmed COVID-19 cases. Our findings suggest that nicotine might not have a protective role in the risk of COVID-19 as previously hypothesized.
Topics: Humans; Finland; Smoking Cessation; Nicotine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; COVID-19; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 36434073
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24148-y -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide [...].
Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable death and disease worldwide [...].
Topics: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Vaping
PubMed: 35564387
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094992 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Nov 2021This review has been withdrawn because it does it does not include recent evidence and does not reflect up-to-date Cochrane methodological standards. (Review)
Review
This review has been withdrawn because it does it does not include recent evidence and does not reflect up-to-date Cochrane methodological standards.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation
PubMed: 34847239
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009325.pub3 -
Tobacco Control Dec 2022We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence to inform policies that reduce density and proximity of tobacco retailers.
DATA SOURCES
Ten databases were searched on 16 October 2020: MEDLINE via PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus, plus grey literature searches using Google and the RAND Publication Database.
STUDY SELECTION
Included studies used inferential statistics about adult participants to examine associations between tobacco retailer density/proximity and tobacco use behaviours and health outcomes. Of 7373 studies reviewed by independent coders, 37 (0.5%) met inclusion criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION
Effect sizes were converted to a relative risk reduction (RRR) metric, indicating the presumed reduction in tobacco use outcomes based on reducing tobacco retailer density and decreasing proximity.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We conducted a random effects meta-analysis and examined heterogeneity across 27 studies through subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Tobacco retailer density (RRR=2.55, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.19, k=155) and proximity (RRR=2.38, 95% CI 1.39 to 3.37, k=100) were associated with tobacco use behaviours. Pooled results including both density and proximity found an estimated 2.48% reduction in risk of tobacco use from reductions in tobacco retailer density and proximity (RRR=2.48, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.02, k=255). Results for health outcomes came from just two studies and were not significant. Considerable heterogeneity existed.
CONCLUSIONS
Across studies, lower levels of tobacco retailer density and decreased proximity are associated with lower tobacco use. Reducing tobacco supply by limiting retailer density and proximity may lead to reductions in tobacco use. Policy evaluations are needed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Commerce
PubMed: 34479990
DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056717 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2021E-cigarettes are commonly used tobacco products among youth populations, including Appalachian youth. However, knowledge of the extent to which tobacco use status...
E-cigarettes are commonly used tobacco products among youth populations, including Appalachian youth. However, knowledge of the extent to which tobacco use status relates to temptation to try e-cigarettes is limited. Data from the Youth Appalachian Tobacco Study ( = 1047) were used. Temptation to try e-cigarettes was derived from a 12-item situational inventory. Tobacco use status was defined as never, ever non-e-cigarette, and ever e-cigarette use. A factorial ANOVA was used to estimate the adjusted association between tobacco use status and the e-cigarette use temptation scale. Two-way interaction terms between tobacco use status and gender, and tobacco use status and race/ethnicity, were plotted to depict effect modification. Approximately 10% of youth were ever non-e-cigarette users and 24% were ever e-cigarette users. Never and ever non-e-cigarette user middle schoolers had higher temptation to try e-cigarettes than their high school counterparts. The same relationship was found among never and ever e-cigarette users living in households with tobacco users. The ANOVA results suggest a positive, monotonic relationship between tobacco use status and temptation to try e-cigarettes, and that the adjusted group means differ by gender and race/ethnicity. The findings can inform tobacco prevention interventions for youth at higher risk for e-cigarette use, especially youth who have not yet tried e-cigarettes.
Topics: Adolescent; Appalachian Region; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Vaping
PubMed: 34201718
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136755 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... Jul 2023This study examined the association of four domains of human capital development (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental...
INTRODUCTION
This study examined the association of four domains of human capital development (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental health) and exclusive and concurrent tobacco and cannabis use (TCU) among black youth.
AIMS AND METHODS
Nationally representative annual cross-sectional data for black adolescents (12-17 years; N = 9017) in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2015-2019 were analyzed. Analyses examined the influence of human capital factors (cognitive development, social and emotional development, physical health, and mental health) on exclusive and concurrent TCU.
RESULTS
In total, 50.4% were males; prevalence of 12-month tobacco use fluctuated insignificantly between 5.6% and 7.6% across survey years. Similarly, prevalence of 12-month cannabis use remained relatively stable around 13%, with no significant linear change. Prevalence of concurrent TCU also fluctuated insignificantly between 3.5% and 5.3%. Investment in cognitive development decreased the odds of tobacco (aOR = 0.58, p < .001), cannabis (aOR = 0.64, p < .001), and concurrent tobacco and cannabis (aOR = 0.58, p < .001) use. Similarly, investment in social and emotional development reduced the odds of tobacco (aOR = 086, p < .001), cannabis (aOR = 0.83, p < .001), and concurrent tobacco and cannabis (aOR = 0.81, p < .001) use. Good physical health reduced the odds of tobacco (aOR = 0.52, p < .1), cannabis (aOR = 0.63, p < .05), and concurrent TCU (aOR = 0.54, p < .05). Major depressive episodes increased the likelihood of cannabis use (aOR = 1.62, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Investment in cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of human capital development, and physical health among black youth is protective against TCU. Efforts to sustain human capital development among black adolescents may contribute to reducing TCU disparities.
IMPLICATIONS
This is one of few studies to examine human capital development factors and their associations with TCU among black youth. Efforts to eliminate tobacco/cannabis-related disparities among black youth should also invest in social, emotional, cognitive, and physical health development opportunities.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Female; Cannabis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 37075137
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad063 -
Indian Journal of Cancer 2023Tobacco is a major risk factor associaetd with developing oral factor. Recent studies have shown that the age of onset, especially in Asia, is reducing. This study was...
BACKGROUND
Tobacco is a major risk factor associaetd with developing oral factor. Recent studies have shown that the age of onset, especially in Asia, is reducing. This study was to determine if tobacco exposure correlated with prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoms (OSCC) based on age at diagnosis.
METHODS
Six hundred and forty three patients of OSCC treated in our institution were divided into four groups, younger patients (≤45 years) with or without tobacco exposure and older patients (>45 years) with or without tobacco exposure, and compared with respect to prognostically relevant variables, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival analysis was performed.
RESULTS
The percentage of those with tobacco exposure was comparable in both age groups. Tobacco correlated with known pathological determinants in OSCC; however, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and extranodal extension were significantly more common in the young. On survival analysis, tobacco exposure impacted OS (P = 0.04) and DFS (P = 0.03) in patients ≤45 years, and not in older patients >45 years. On multivariate analysis, tobacco exposure in the young was significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.03, hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.94) but not survival.
CONCLUSION
Younger patients with a history of tobacco use have a significantly higher risk of recurrence and mortality due to OSCC, but this difference could not be attributed to any of the known prognostic determinants in OSCC. Younger patients also had more adverse pathological features. Whether this occurs because of altered disease biology or pathways of carcinogenesis in the young with tobacco exposure is unknown. Younger tobacco users with oral cancer are more likely to have a poor prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Mouth Neoplasms; Prognosis; Survival Analysis; Tobacco Use; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37530236
DOI: 10.4103/ijc.IJC_70_20 -
Examination of Tobacco-Related Messaging and Tobacco Use over Time among U.S. Military Young Adults.Substance Use & Misuse 2023People from minoritized populations have historically been targeted by tobacco companies. Little is known about exposure to tobacco-related messages among military...
People from minoritized populations have historically been targeted by tobacco companies. Little is known about exposure to tobacco-related messages among military personnel from disadvantaged backgrounds. The current study aimed to examine exposure to tobacco-related messaging across many nicotine products and through a variety of mediums (i.e., family, friends, advertisements, event promotions, social media) among diverse military populations and use one year later in a sample of young adults who recently enlisted in the U.S. Air Force. In this study, 8,901 U.S. Air Force trainees reported on demographics, tobacco use, and exposure to positive tobacco messages from social sources (i.e., friends, family, social media) and environmental sources (i.e., advertisements and promotions). Tobacco use was reported one-year later. Compared to others of the same reported racial/ethnic background, Latino/a/x (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 1.354, : [1.145, 1.563]) and multiracial (RRR = 1.594, : [1.173, 2.016]) participants who were exposed to positive tobacco messages from social sources were significantly more likely to report tobacco product use at one-year follow-up than those who were not exposed to social messages. Exposure to positive tobacco messages from environmental sources were not significantly associated with tobacco use one year later. Social messages may play an important role in increasing risk of tobacco use among some minoritized populations. Cultural as well as systemic factors could be addressed in future tobacco prevention programs to decrease the potency of positive tobacco-related social messages among Latino/a/x and multiracial communities.
Topics: Humans; Young Adult; Nicotiana; Military Personnel; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 36476101
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2151313